2. When managing the tradeoffs of a project::
a. the manager is expected to integrate all aspects of the project
b. the manager must ensure that resources are available when and where needed
c. the manager must ensure that expected results are produced within time and
cost constraints
d. all the above
e. none of the above.

3. Societal force(s) which influenced project management's emergence as a new managerial
method were:
a. the growing demand for complex, sophisticated, customized goods and services
b. the need for a decision-making method which enabled managers to select projects
based on long-run financial criteria
c. the exponential expansion of human knowledge
d. both a and c
e. all the above.

4. The majority of firms utilizing project management typically:
a. experience better control and customer relations
b. experience improved coordination and reductions in organizational complexity
c. experience greater adherence to organizational policy and procedures
d. all the above
e. none of the above.

5. The development of the concepts of project management is primarily attributed to
a. General Electric
b. the construction industry
c. the automotive industry
d. the military
e. the Commerce Department.

6. According to the hierarchical nomenclature described in the text, which of the following is not true?
a. A project is a group of similar programs
b. Projects can be divided into tasks
c. Tasks can be divided into work packages
d. A work unit is a subdivision of a work package
e. All the above are true.

7. Which of the following would be least conducive to the project form of management?
a. The construction of a bridge
b. The operation of a grocery store
c. A campaign to reelect the governor of New York
d. The development of a new anti-pollution device for cars
e. A military invasion.

8. Which of the following is true about the project life cycle?
a. The greatest effort is required during the initial development and selection
b. The life cycle is characterized by a linear relation between time and percent
project completion
c. Project effort reaches a peak during the termination and conclusion
d. Project effort does not necessarily fall to zero upon completion of a project
e. Effort is described by the "inverse-S" curve.

9. Which of the following is true concerning project goals throughout the life cycle?
a. Early in the life cycle, the project team's focus is on how to achieve performance
b. Early in the life cycle, the team's focus is on how to economize on costs
c. During the latter stages of the life cycle, focus shifts away from time to cost
d. Cost uncertainty increases as a project moves toward completion
e. In the middle of the life cycle, attention is not directed toward any of the goals.

10. The project form of organization typically allows the manager to do each of the following except:
a. Identify and correct problems at an early point
b. Insure that team members of the separate tasks do not suboptimize
c. Minimize organizational complexity and conflict
d. Make timely decisions concerning tradeoffs between conflicting project goals
e. Coordinate activities within the team and between customer and the parent firm.